Hi,
Thanks for your nice post. It's really hard to get info on the customize JS API.
Unfortunately, I have tried your code and could not get it to work.
My customize-controls.js file is identical to yours, so I think the issue is that the script is not properly enqueued, do you know how can I check wether has been properly enqueued?

Here is a gist showing my functions.php related code and my customize-controls.js file
https://gist.github.com/adrisantos07/81fe2fe6e9d4d0d932f8df0d0d18e78b
Thanks